Caffeine Summary

Caffeine is perhaps the most popular stimulant in the world. It's contained within 3 of the most popular beverages the world has ever seen; coffee, tea, and yerba maté.

Caffeine is an alkaloid that works mainly by competitively inhibiting adenosine on our neurons. Adenosine normally acts to slow the firing of our nerves, resulting in sleepiness. When caffeine inhibits these from taking action, it effectively inhibits our tiredness.

Although not technically a nootropic, caffeine is a useful addition to nootropic formulas for its ability to give us faster reflexes, stimulate the CNS, and keep us awake when we would typically be feeling tired.


New to nootropics? Check out this Introduction to Nootropics!


Where Does It Come From?

Multiple species of plants contain caffeine, including coffee (Coffea spp.), tea (Camellia spp.), jola nut (Kola nitidia), guarana (Puallinia cupana), yerba maté (Ilex spp.).  

Caffeine can also be synthesized quite easily in a lab. 

Camellia sinensis

The Tea Plant

Learn more

Coffea officinalis

Coffee seeds

Learn more

Ilex paraguariensis

Yerba maté

Learn more

Paullinea cupana

Guarana

Learn more
coffee beans caffeine source
 

+ Indications

Still compiling research.

+ Contraindications

Compiling research.

+ Mechanisms

  • Adenosine antagonist
  • Vasoconstrictor
  • Diuretic
  • Relaxes smooth muscle
  • Stimulates cardiac muscle
  • Modulates internal calcium
  • Inhibits cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases

Herbal Actions:

  • CNS Stimulant
  • Inhibits Sleepiness
  • Hypertensive
  • Cardiotonic
  • Diuretic
 

Dosage

200 - 300 mg/day

Equivalent to 3-4 cups of coffee split up throughout the day.
Best taken with L-Theanine and/or Theobromine.

 

Chemical Description:

Caffeine is a colorless, odorless, white chrystaline powder.

Very low water solubility.

 

Extractions/Synthesis:

One method of extraction is to boil coffee beans in water with lime or magnesium oxide to precipitate tannins and coloring matter. Charcoal may be used to remove other coloring agents, and the caffeine will rechrystalize out of the hot water easily. [1]. 

Another method is to use supercritical carbon dioxide or obtain byproduct of decaffeinated coffee or teas. [1]. 

We will be extracting some caffeine from coffee today! I used regular coffee grounds, but I think the process is actually faster and easier with instant coffee. In theory the yield should have been hovering around 300mg if ALL the caffeine was removed. However, I got around 10% of that (30mg).

 

Toxicity

Despite previous reports online, there is no evidence for caffeine being a carcinogen.

 

Synergy:

Synergy with related alkaloid theobromine, and amino acid L-theanine. 

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Author:

Justin Cooke, BHSc

The Sunlight Experiment

Updated: December 2018

 

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References:

  1. Pub Chem. (n.d.). caffeine | C8H10N4O2 - PubChem. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/caffeine#section=Methods-of-Manufacturing